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Cen Chunxuan
Cen Chunxuan (1861 – 27 April 1933), courtesy name Yunjie, was a Zhuang Chinese politician who lived in the late Qing dynasty and Republican China.
==Early political career==
Cen was born in 1861 during the late Qing dynasty in Xilin, Guangxi. His father, Cen Yuying (岑毓英; 1829–1889), served as the Viceroy of Yunnan and Guizhou. He was very ill-behaved in his youth and was one of the "Three Notorious Youngsters in the Capital" (京城三惡少) alongside Ruicheng (瑞澂) and Lao Ziqiao (勞子喬). In 1879, he first entered the civil service as a ''zhushi'' (主事). In 1885, he obtained the position of a ''juren'' (舉人) in the imperial examination and was appointed as a ''houren langzhong'' (候任郎中). When Cen Yuying died in 1889, the government took into consideration his service to the Qing Empire and decided to appoint Cen Chunxuan as a ''shaoqing'' (少卿; a fourth-grade official position) in the Taipusi (太僕寺), a government agency in charge of the imperial transport system.
In 1898, the Guangxu Emperor personally interviewed and tested Cen and was so impressed with his response that he made an exception by promoting Cen to the position of a ''buzhengshi'' (布政使; a second-grade official position) in Guangdong. While serving in Guangdong, Cen got into conflict with his superior, Tan Zhonglin (譚鍾麟), the Viceroy of Guangdong and Guangxi, hence he was reassigned to be a ''anchashi'' (按察使) in Gansu.
In 1900, when the forces of the Eight-Nation Alliance attacked Beijing to suppress the Boxer Rebellion, the Guangxu Emperor and Empress Dowager Cixi fled from the capital and headed towards Xi'an. Cen led military forces from Gansu to Xi'an to protect the emperor and empress dowager, and earned the favour of the empress dowager. He was promoted to the position of ''xunfu'' of Shaanxi but was later reassigned to be the ''xunfu'' of Shanxi. While in office, he set up the precursor of Shanxi University with the aid of the Welsh missionary Timothy Richard. In 1902, he was reassigned to be the ''xunfu'' of Guangdong. However, before he could assume office, he was ordered to go to Sichuan instead to replace Kuijun (奎俊) as the acting-Viceroy of Sichuan after the latter was dismissed from office for his failure to defeat Boxer rebels in Sichuan. While he was in Sichuan, he tightened and enforced government regulations strictly, set up a police force, and accused over 40 officials of corruption. He was nicknamed "Butcher of Officials" (官屠) – one of the "Three Butchers of the Late Qing Dynasty" (清末三屠) alongside "Butcher of Money" Zhang Zhidong and "Butcher of Scholars" Yuan Shikai.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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